Fundamentals of Strategic Planning in Complex Organizations Essay - 1

Basics of Strategic Planning in Complex Organizations - Essay Example One of the key patterns saw in the social insurance condition is the tenacious offered to make medicinal services benefits progressively moderate, and therefore improve all inclusive inclusion. This pattern is steady with the social, monetary, and political objective of improving the social government assistance of the distraught populace. Another key pattern identifies with expanded number of open and private human services administrators. The rationale is to execute key plans that make it workable for human services associations to take their administrations closer to the individuals. Well beyond this, guideline of human services associations, social insurance lenders, and all other pertinent gatherings required by the administration establish a basic key pattern in medicinal services markets (Harrison, 2010). This move is substantial as in the end-client or the shopper stays shielded from abuse as the human services condition develops and extends. While medicinal services associations have rushed to recognize rising open doors in the wellbeing part, a large portion of them don't use their maximum capacity. As such, operational wastefulness has not been completely represented. Human services associations need to concentrate on present moment and long haul vital plans as they assess their presentation every once in a while. This would assist them with adjusting their tasks so that takes into account change, without essentially expanding operational

The Dominance of Women in Parenting Responsibilities Essay

The Dominance of Women in Parenting Responsibilities - Essay Example The disposition children create is one that may debase ladies as negligible guardians of mankind, while men go on to progressively significant undertakings, for example, looking for occupation and accommodating the family’s essential needs. Social learning speculations battle that this sort of taking in may have been gained from children’s perceptions of their parents’ life designs. In spite of the fact that society has generally appointed ladies the job of a nurturer of the family, Chodorow raises women's activist fights regarding the job men ought to in like manner play in child rearing. She declares that men should level themselves with their spouses regarding being guardians and not leave all the child rearing obligations to them. At exactly that point can the pattern of generation of mothering or by and large, pseudo-solo child rearing by moms, be halted. Sociobiological hypotheses interface the bonds among moms and their youngsters. It fights that moms are organically inclined to think about their newborn children. Nine long a very long time in the belly, the hatchling influences the mother and its reliance on her in like manner influences her. For instance, a focused on mother can thwart the ordinary mind procedures of cerebrum masculinization of her unborn kid. T. Berry Brazelton, a noticeable kid therapist claims, in a decent cooperation mother and infant synchronize with one another from the earliest starting point, and that the pathways might be set up in intrauterine life fit to be entrained, particularly by the moms, following birth Natural examinations show that when human children are conceived, their minds are immature, thus are â€Å"born profoundly reliant and in consistent need of care.†Ã¢

Differences Between Shyness and Social Anxiety Disorder

Differences Between Shyness and Social Anxiety Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Print Differences Between Shyness and Social Anxiety Disorder By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on February 22, 2020 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Tara Moore / Stone / Getty Images Shyness and social anxiety disorder share many characteristics. If you have spent your whole life feeling as though you are just a shy person, how do you know if it is something more serious? As a parent of a shy child, you might also wonder if the behavior is normal or may be signs of a disorder.   Effects of Social Anxiety Childhood is the time when  social skills  develop in preparation for the challenges of adolescence and adulthood. Children who suffer from SAD often do not develop appropriate social behaviors. As children grow with the disorder, they may become accustomed to having social fears and create a life based on avoidance. Social anxiety  disorder can have a devastating impact on your education, career success, financial independence, and personal relationships.?? Often it will lead to an isolated lifestyle and subsequent depression or  substance abuse.   At the same time, it is unfortunate that people wait so long or never get help when this disorder is treatable. In fact, studies show that nearly 70% of individuals suffering from SAD may be successfully treated with cognitive therapy.?? Social Anxiety vs. Shyness Unfortunately,  social anxiety disorder (SAD) is often dismissed as just extreme shyness. The reason many people don’t seek help for SAD is that they don’t realize that they have a recognized psychiatric condition.  Statistics show that although symptoms usually start in childhood, only about 50% of adults with the disorder receive treatment, and those who do seek treatment wait a long time to do so, 15 to years after symptoms begin.?? In general, the main symptoms that distinguish shyness from SAD are The intensity of the fearThe level of avoidanceThe impairment of functioning that it causes in a person’s life People with social anxiety disorder don’t just feel nervous before giving a speech. They may worry about the speech for weeks or months beforehand, lose sleep due to anxiety, and have intense symptoms of anxiety during the feared situation such as a racing heart, shortness of breath, sweating, or shaking. The symptoms usually do not go away  but get worse as the situation progresses. The person with SAD usually realizes that his or her fears are unfounded but is still unable to control them. Screening for Social Anxiety Disorder Your doctor or mental health care professional can conduct an in-depth interview to determine whether you meet the criteria for a diagnosis of SAD. However, as an initial step, he or she may have you complete a screening measure to determine the need for a more thorough follow-up evaluation. One such screening test is the “Mini-SPIN” (Mini-Social Phobia Inventory) that consists of just three questions. The Mini-SPIN (and it’s sister version the full SPIN) were created by Dr. Jonathan Davidson of the Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center. Studies have shown the Mini-SPIN is an efficient tool for diagnosing SAD among people of different cultures and languages.?? To complete the SPIN, your doctor will have you rate the following three items in terms of how true they are for you on a scale of 0 to 4, where 0 is “not at all” and 4 is “extremely present.” Fear of embarrassment causes me to avoid doing things or speaking to people.I avoid activities in which I am the center of attention.Being embarrassed or looking stupid are among my worst fears. Generally, total scores of 6 or higher are indicative of possible SAD, however, only a trained mental health professional can make a diagnosis based on a full interview. In addition to the SPIN and Mini-SPIN, there are several other instruments that may be used to screen for social anxiety disorder  including: Liebowitz Social Phobia ScaleFear of Negative Evaluation ScaleSocial Avoidance and Distress Scale Although screening instruments are very helpful in identifying potential problems with social anxiety, there is no substitute for a complete diagnostic interview conducted by a mental health professional. Your doctor will be able to provide a full assessment or refer you to another professional more experienced in diagnosing the disorder. A Word From Verywell If you believe that your shyness may actually be social anxiety disorder, it is important to make an appointment with your family doctor or mental health professional. Leaving symptoms untreated over a long period can worsen your anxiety and could lead to other problems such as depression or substance abuse. On the other hand, effective treatment such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and medication are available and have been shown to help with a social anxiety disorder. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Don Quixote Essay about created reality - 529 Words

Othello Essay The novel Don Quixote, by Miguel Cervantes, is an exploration into the idea of created reality. Cervantes, through the character of Don Quixote, illustrates to readers how we as human beings often make reality to be whatever we want it to be. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Don Quixote is a perfect example of â€Å"created reality.† The character Don Quixote is real, and he lives in a real world, but everything that he sees is exaggerated in his mind. It all begins with his name. Don Quixote was not actually a Don. He was a wealthy, intelligent farmer who read too many books about knighthood and went crazy. He convinced a simple-minded peasant named Sancho to become his squire, promising him wealth and a high spot in society. This†¦show more content†¦I believe that Sancho despises the fact that his master might be mad, but accepts some of the lunacy to make his job easier. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Despite his delusions, however, Don Quixote is fiercely intelligent and, at times, seemingly sane. No single analysis of Don Quixote’s character can adequately explain the split between his madness and his sanity. It may be possible that Don Quixote really does know what is going on around him and that he merely chooses to ignore the world and the consequences of his disastrous actions. At several times in the novel, Cervantes validates this suspicion that Don Quixote may know more than he admits. On the other hand, we can read Don Quixote’s character as a warning that even the most intelligent and otherwise practically minded person can fall victim to his own foolishness. Castiglione supports the idea in, The Book of the Courtier, that a person can be constructed and that people should adhere to an ideal and try to emulate it, even if it is impossible to become. However Machiavelli is more concerned with describing a real model for princes and what they have to do to survive as actual rulers rather than a happy ideal they can try to be, but never will obtain. Both Machiavelli and Castiglione spend a lot of time explaining how important it is for one toShow MoreRelatedPostmodern Art Essay1770 Words   |  8 Pagesone of the greatest artist of modern time wrote in 1941short story titled â€Å"Pierre Menard, Author of the Don Quixote†. In his work, Borges made up the character of Pierre Menard, young French writer, who decided to â€Å"rewrite,† or to say recreate Don Quixote, the famous novel written by Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616,) (The Literature Network: Online classic literature, poems, and quotes. Essays Summaries) in the dark p eriod of inquisition in the 17th century. Borges took the role of newspaper criticRead MoreLeaves And Survivor Essay2472 Words   |  10 PagesDepartment at Brooklyn College says â€Å"Cervantes Don Quixote †¦ explores the role of illusion and reality in life and was the single most important progenitor of the modern novel.† ( ) The development of the realistic novel owes much of its elements to Don Quixote. ( ) The major seventeenth-century philosophers, Descartes and Locke, were a huge influence on the new form of literature. They taught the importance of individual experience and believed that reality could be discovered through them. ( ) AnotherRead More Narrative and Narrator: An Analysis of Joseph Andrews Essay3068 Words   |  13 PagesThe narrator gives us not only a story to read, but also a lecture on how to read and interpret his novel (Bartschi 70).   The narrator posits his work within a rich and wide literary tradition and will not allow the reader to confuse it with reality. Reality does influence and create fiction, but fiction remains separate. Being the keen observer though, the narrator does connect his fictional tale to the world of actual experience.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These are Pictures which must beRead MoreEssay Emma: The Character2155 Words   |  9 PagesKnightly reflects an ability to embrace her flaws and mollify her matchmaking competence with greater caution. Through her marriage she is not reformed, but becomes more self-aware. This self-awareness comes through a gradual shift in her beliefs about marriage. In this regard, she is more than eager to arrange other peoples live. She encourages her protegà ©, Harriet Smith to reject the proposal of Robert Martin, in belief that he is beneath her. However, others believe Robert Martin to be betterRead MoreThe Role of Women in Spain Essay2522 Words   |  11 PagesSpain Introduction The field of womens studies has tried to restore the place of women in history by looking at a wide range of womens roles and achievements in different historical periods. For example, Sanchez and Saens (1996) compilation about Spanish women during the golden age explored the lives not only of queens but of women artisans and female religious figures. What is clear from these explorations is that womens lives were complex and their roles ambiguous, in some instances. AlthoughRead MoreThe Sonnet Form: William Shakespeare6305 Words   |  26 Pagessequences of this period.) Sonnets were also written during the height of classical English verse, by Dryden and Pope, among others, and written again during the heyday of English Romanticism, when Wordsworth, Shelley, and particularly John Keats created wonderful sonnets. Today, the sonnet remains the most influential and important verse form in the history of English poetry. Two kinds of sonnets have been most common in English poetry, and they take their names from the greatest poets to utilizeRead Morewisdom,humor and faith19596 Words   |  79 Pagessneeze of humor. Genuine humor is replete with wisdom.† Mark Twain, quoted in Opie Percival Read, Mark Twain and I (1940), 17. â€Å"Humor offers both a form of wisdom and a means of survival in a threatening world. It demands that we reckon with the realities of human nature and the world without falling into grimness and despair.† Roger Shattuck, The Banquet Years: The Origins of the Avant-Garde in France—1885 to World War I, rev. ed. (1968), 248. â€Å"Humor is, in fact, a prelude to faith; and laughter

Persuasive Essay On Endangered Species - 1461 Words

As the population of us humans grow, more and more environmental problems are developing such as global warming, pollution, and animal extinction. Unfortunately, endangered species are threatened by human population as we grow and consume resources at compulsive rate, and endangered species are most likely to go extinct if we do not take action. From animals, we tend to consume our sources of protein which means killing animals in order for ourselves to survive. For example, the fish provides 15 percent of protein consumed by human beings, which puts the Atlantic bluefin tuna at risk. In addition, increase in human population impacts climate change which is bringing Polar Bears closer and closer to extinction. Recently, the public and the†¦show more content†¦By using an alternative to pesticides such as †¦ can not only protect animals and keep them from going extinct and it can also protect your family from harmful chemicals. Another way we can reduce pollution in our environment is to walk or ride your bicycle to work instead driving because fuel from vehicles pollute the air. We can also save energy by turning the lights off before leaving the room and turning off the television when it is not being used. Furthermore, this will reduce emissions from coal-fired electricity plants, and also save you money on your electricity bill. Taking action to reduce pollution in our environment will save endangered animals from going extinct. Another aspect that puts animals at risk is products made from animals. Every year, millions of animals are killed for fashion. Animals are harshly treated, trapped, and killed under very devastating circumstances in order to produce fashion items such as leather boots, fur coats, and belts. Unfortunately, as consumers, we do not think about the torture animals go through just so we can wear fashionable clothing. Sheep are sheared for the fur every year and shearing too late causes a loss of wool. Because of this, sheep are sheared too soon every year and die from premature shearing. Chiru is an endangered speciesShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Endangered Species1128 Words   |  5 PagesInnocent animals are being hunted, killed, and murdered. The price to pay for a missing species is more than we can bare. This is severely damaging our environment and not only hurting the animals, but ourselves as well. The human race is capable of change; but it will take time, which is somet hing these poor animals do not have. If we want to protect our world, we will have to move and fast. Extinction of these species can be prevented and our future generations can enjoy this wonderful planet as itRead MorePersuasive Essay On Endangered Species847 Words   |  4 Pages When a species of plant or animal becomes an endangered species, it is at a serious risk of extinction. It is estimated that each year 0.1% of species become extinct each year due to human activity. If there are 100 000 000 different species co-existing with us, then 10 000 species are going extinct each year due to human activity. We are causing species to become extinct 1 000 to 10 000 times faster than the natural extinction rate. When presented this information, we ask ourselves one question:Read MoreAnimals want People to Stop the Cruelty541 Words   |  2 Pageswith very little ethos to back up his claims, readers may not think of him as accountable author. What Regan lacks in his logos he makes up for with the facts about animal cruelty he writes in this reading. 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Silvers Forces of Labour2600 Words   |  11 PagesThere are several sociological theories in the study of contemporary labor unrest. However, this essay will start off to examine the rationale of capital mobility and labor transformation processes, as a coherent point of departure. To what extent is this approach significant? A simple answer is the sociological framework of Silver (2003), which is our central focus, is in contrast with the above approaches. Therefore, it’s imperative to provide an overview of what Silver was critical about. SilverRead MoreClose Study Of Greenpeace s Save The Whales Campaign2857 Words   |  12 Pagesorganisation aimed at environmental conservation, including defending the oceans and marine ecological system. Whales are on the verge of extinction and yet continue to be hunted. Greenpeace’s campaign to â€Å"Save the Whales† aims to protect this endangered species. It a lso symbolises and represents their dedication to ocean protection. In 1986, the International Whaling Commission (IWC) instilled a global moratorium on commercial whaling. In 1994, the IWC established the Southern Ocean Whale SanctuaryRead MoreLevel 6 Essay2155 Words   |  9 PagesWhat techniques do charity campaigns use to convey their idea and persuade the viewer? Have they gone too far? Danielle Gough BA Visual Communication, Level 6 This essay will provide an in depth analysis into charity campaigns, their target audience and ways of communicating an idea, message and the methods used to persuade the viewer to donate or join the charity. In order to do this I will decode three images via semiotic analysis. Charity campaign techniques, symbols and signs , social and politicalRead MoreFather: Causality and Persuasive Speech8283 Words   |  34 Pagescan have high credibility for one audience and low credibility for another audience. 13. T F Establishing common ground with an audience is especially important in the conclusion of a persuasive speech. 14. 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Gale and Design ® andRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility10163 Words   |  41 PagesAbstract: COPYRIGHT Kluwer Academic Publishers 1992 Several scholars have recently criticized the dominant emphasis upon mid-level principles in bioethics best exemplified by Beauchamp and Childresss Principles of Biomedical Ethics. In Part I of this essay, I as sess the fairness and cogency of three broad criticisms raised against principlism as an approach: (1) that principlism, as an exercise in applied ethics, is insufficiently attentive to the dialectical relations between ethical theory and moral

Field Experience In The Classroom Role Education Essay Free Essays

In a category, the aim is to hold pupils larn new constructs and absorb them to hold intending impact in their lives. While this is aspired by many, non as many instructors adopt teaching method effectual for learning. Dalton defines teaching method as â€Å" the system of rules and methods that support and facilitate effectual instruction ( 2008 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Field Experience In The Classroom Role Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now † She besides adds that â€Å" it is besides implied in the usage of the traditional term direction and in treatment of instructional attacks. † Poor usage of teaching method can bring forth chaos whereas its proper use maintains order. Keen attending is required in the organisation of the schoolroom, interaction between the instructor and pupils ; and layout of the activities. Management of category scene and lesson agendas are the other of import facets ( Dolton, 2008 ) . In my field experience, I encountered eight scenarios where I have presented the fortunes, my analysis and recommendations Case 1 I completed one hundred hours with in a 4th class category for particular instruction. In this category, there are 12 male childs and a instructor. There were besides two paraprofessionals ; one for is educational while the other is a crisis director. Although the kids were bright, they easy lost focal point to their arch battles. The crisis direction paraprofessional would shout at the pupils achieve category order. Having stayed with the pupils for many old ages, she had developed that manner of pull offing disorderliness in category. The pupils would acquire soundless because of her bullying. As for the instructor, she raised the voice with a steadfast expression to which the kids kept quiet. The crisis director, nevertheless, considered that attack excessively soft for the category and she would come in with commanding cries. The instructor had non discussed the affair with the director. I sensed she was intimidated by the older lady director to show her expostulation to manner t hat manner of managing the category. Observation, lesson and recommendation This environment is non contributing for particular instruction scholars in 4th class in particular instruction. The crisis director has conditioned the pupils to react to merely negative stimulation. This means the kids maintain quiet out of fright when threatened. This adapts them to move from bullying destructing their assurance. The instructor on her portion raises the voice to accomplish order in the category. The two ways are harmful to the development of the kids. In this instance, positive stimulation is better alternate. Aspects that good or are liked by the kids are projected to them ( Dolton, 2011 ) . For case, inquiring the kids to settle so that narrative they may larn the merriment in narrative relation. The instructor and the para-educators need to construct integrity of intent. In private meeting of the three, they should reflect on objectiveness of the category direction. Case 2 There is a female parent who professes the religion of Jehovah informant. Her boy Mekhi, is non allowed to take part in any vacation related activities ; he is therefore excluded from vacation narratives, coloring/creating vacation drawings and vacation parties in the schoolroom. The instructor offers him other work while the vacation activities are traveling on. Observation, lesson and recommendation Religious religion is a personal affair with much bearing on a truster ‘s picks. In the schoolroom scene, it presents complex relationship for group members detecting effects of contrasting credos ( Dolton, 2008 ) . It is more delicate for kids who develop sharper consciousness of their exclusion from groups due to their religion. The instructor should run into with the parent to discourse fortunes and alternate activities allowable to Mekkhi. Since vacation activities are fun with kids, alternate activities sought for him should be in Fieldss of his involvement. Finding him separate locale will assist concentrate attending of the chief category from his alone pattern. Case 3 I noticed many parents like to observe their kids ‘s birthdays in the schoolroom by directing bar and juice to school. Due to allergic reactions, some pupils get excluded from eating the bar because it may incorporate nuts. Eventually, some kids merely sit by disquieted to watch others basking the bars. The parents are cognizant that the kids enjoy cookies, confect, french friess and pizza every bit much as the bars. In add-on, these options to coat make non bring on allergic reactions in the kids. Observation, lesson and recommendation Group merriment activities are healthy environment for kids to larn interpersonal accomplishments. Their character is shaped through interaction with others. Birthday parties, for case aid kids learn do friends and pattern generousness through sharing party nutrients. Children are particularly funny when they notice physical differences such organ damage on anyone. However, they adopt the significance impressed upon them by figures of authorization like parents. In the instance of allergic reaction to nuts, the victims are detecting how restricting their status is to except them from the party. Activities that cause exclusion of a kid based particularly on natural state of affairss they have small control over is unhealthy for their societal development ( Dolton, 2011 ) . The instructor should propose the alternate nutrients acceptable to kids through a missive to all parents. Informing the parents of the recommendation early in the twelvemonth minimizes likely struggle with parents who may hold planned the birthdays. Case 4 There was a clip a pupil named Kenny had a birthday party in the schoolroom. He decided non to portion his bar and juice with pupils he did non like. He severely warned them non to accept the bar when it was offered. As the instructor passed the bar unit of ammunition, I noticed remarkably high figure of pupils decline the offer. Normally, these kids appreciated confectionary but here they respond in cold blood to the bar. The instructor solemnly urged an account from the pupils. A boy broke into cryings as he narrated about Kenny ‘s warning to them. The instructor asked Kenny to offer an apology and reconsider sharing the bar with all pupils. The category embraced Kenny with forgiveness and accepted a piece of the bar. Observation, lesson and recommendation Childs have stronger group individuality than grownups. Therefore, a kid excluded ostracized from a group through bullying is susceptible to emphasize. Passive intimidation can lay waste to a kid before a instructor detects it. In this instance survey, this instructor connects good with her pupils to feel a job from implicit symptoms ( Dolton, 2011 ) . Her attack to work outing the incident efficaciously yielded positive result. The instructor besides chose an appropriate signifier of redress. As a first case of error, Kenny was made to reflect on his action and rectify its harmful impact with an apology. The kid reconciled and resumed friendly relationship by sharing the bar in joy. Case 5 There was a male child who involuntarily wet himself in the schoolroom. The instructor did non call on the carpet him ; she merely accompanied him to the bathroom to hold him take a bath. She so took him to the office so that she could discourse the affair with his parent. Meanwhile, she ensured that the pupil did non endure farther embarrassment in the schoolroom. Observation, lesson and recommendation This is a instance of private job to an person. Although a physiological job, it sets a phase for psychological emphasis if the kid gets embarrassed or more harmful shame. The instructor was house to the category so that they understand the incident is non one of merriment. To the affected kid, she was compassionate by cleaning him. Involving the parent builds establishes more support for the kid. Stronger support empowers a kid with a natural trouble dressed ore on acquisition ( Dolton, 2011 ) . Case 6 I had spent 50 hours in first grade category 27 male childs and misss taking General Education. In this incident, the instructor had taught the pupils good manners. She defined for them appropriate was ever invariably reminding the kids about their manners. Always stating them to utilize suited scenarios to: thank person, offer aid and to open the door for others. She so demonstrated through simulations application of these interpersonal accomplishments Observation, lesson and recommendation This is a instance of role-playing. Children learn efficaciously through experiential battle ( Dolton, 2011 ) . They particularly assimilate constructs they observe from a figure of authorization. The instructor efficaciously passed on the construct of manners by practising them. When category constructs are integrated with life, acquisition is strongly effectual. Case 7 A girl stole the instructor ‘s glue gun and conceal it in her school bag. Another pupil discovered the gun gum and alerted the instructor. The instructor pulled the miss who stole the gum gun aside and spoke to her. She gave her an chance to explicate herself sing the intuition. The miss confessed the larceny, returned the stolen point and offered an apology. The instructor accepted the apology without farther penalty. Observation, lesson and recommendation This is a instance of administrating subject to an person through disciplinary redress. An incident of undiscipline requires immediate action to control cultivation negative character. However, a penalty can wound a kid ‘s psychological science irrecoverably if unsuitably administered ( Dolton, 2011 ) . Any first incident of an experience is utile to a kid ‘s acquisition. Having recognized the miss who had stolen the gum, the instructor allowed the pupil to do a confession of her act and offer an apology. It ‘s a authoritative instance of animating behavior alteration through personal contemplation. Case 8 In this instance, there was a sub-teacher who was returning file booklets category. While walked round the schoolroom, she would fling booklets to their several proprietors alternatively of passing them out. The pupils looked surprised at the behavior of the instructor. Observation, lesson and recommendation This is a instance of negative function mold by the instructor ( Dolton, 2008 ) . It is impolite for anyone to throw a file booklet to another individual. Young kids observe and copy the behavior of the instructor as an authorization upon them. The incompatibility between the theory about manners and contrary pattern renders the lesson uneffective to pupils. Decision The diverseness of the incidents offered an experiential impact of teaching method used ill or efficaciously. In instances that I was ill deployed, larning was hard or uneffective. In instance where proper methodological analysiss were adopted to pull off the category scene and pupil societal dealingss, there was effectual acquisition. How to cite Field Experience In The Classroom Role Education Essay, Essay examples

Environmental Education for Children †Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss About The Environmental Education For Children? Answer: Introduction: Mother Nature has given us everything, shelter, nourishment and protection, and in turn we have given back nothing but devastation. The impact of modernization has destroyed the characteristics of our environment and has made the survival of our ecosystem extremely difficult. Time has come for us to make amendments to restore the balance of our ecosystem and revive the sustainability of it. It should not escape notice that the future generation has equal rights to enjoy the beauty of nature and revel in it (Ojala, 2012). In order to facilitate a healthy environment it is important to have a generation that is well informed and aware of the needs and requirements. And if the future generation is not aware of the worsening conditions of the environment then achieving a healthy environment would not be possible. The children should be made aware of the adverse impact our everyday activities can have on the sustainability of the environment and what actions can facilitate sustainability of the environment (Hart, 2013). This report will focus on environmental education for the children and the importance of it in the near future. Importance of Environmental Education: The children should be made aware of what is awaiting them in the future with the continual destruction of nature and natural resources. Studies suggest that the future generation will be much more capable of dealing with the consequences and taking actions that will be effective in restoring the sustainability of the environment if they are introduced to taking ecologically sustainable actions from very early in their lives. The concept of environmental education has spewed from this belief attempting to educate the children to value nature and its resources and take actions that are adequate for sustaining the natural balance of our environment (Hart, 2013). It has to be understood that the human society has attained a stage where the delicate balance between use and abuse of natural resources have been blurred. The rapidly increasing number of different species becoming extinct and endangered bears the proof of the extent of damage that has already been done. The only way to start amending for the past mistakes is to start conserving what is left, and the future generation needs to be advocates of conserving and nurturing our environment. In a world where the human society is growing more and more distant nature, it is paramount to ensure that the children are educated to connect with nature, value it and take responsibility for restoring it to its former glory (Frantz Mayer, 2014). Results and Benefits of Environmental Education: As mentioned above, environmental education will ensure that the children are aware of the challenges that the future has in store so that they can plan ahead to combat them. This is the concept on which the foundation of environmental educational programs is designed. However, the question remains whether the impact of environmental education on the children will meet the benchmark it was set to achieve (Biedenweg, Monroe Oxarart, 2013). As literature attests, the imp[act of environmental education have been positive and has integrated a sense of empathy in the children towards nature. The exploratory research study by Judith Cheng and Martha Monroe, has explained four parameters of change that was brought forwards in the children after a compulsory environmental education program. The authors attested that the children were more connected with nature, have more empathy towards animals and plants, enjoy the nature more and were more responsible towards nature after the interactive program (Cheng Monroe, 2012). There are some added benefits of environmental education as well, along with making the children more aware of the beauty of nature and the threat to it, these programs act brilliantly as nature therapy. Studies have suggested that the environmental education programs are very effective as a remedy for ADHD, which is very common in children. This view is supported by the extensive study by Kuo and Taylors who identified the green space therapy to be extremely beneficial in eradicating attention deficit and other hyper activity disorders in children (Kuo Taylor, 2004). Conclusion: On a concluding not, it can be said, that environmental education can be elemental in generating a deep contact between children and nature which not only establish a sense of responsibility and empathy towards the environment in them but will also build a strong morale and personality in the children. Furthermore, these programs can also double up as therapeutic sessions that can eradicate attention and behavioural problems in children and generate patience, adjustment and perseverance in the children making it a win-win situation from all aspects. References: Biedenweg, K., Monroe, M. C., Oxarart, A. (2013). The importance of teaching ethics of sustainability.International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education,14(1), 6-14. Cheng, J. C. H., Monroe, M. C. (2012). Connection to nature: Childrens affective attitude toward nature.Environment and Behavior,44(1), 31-49. Frantz, C. M., Mayer, F. S. (2014). The importance of connection to nature in assessing environmental education programs.Studies in Educational Evaluation,41, 85-89. Hart, R. A. (2013).Children's participation: The theory and practice of involving young citizens in community development and environmental care. Routledge. Kuo, F. E., Faber Taylor, A. (2004). A potential natural treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: evidence from a national study.American journal of public health,94(9), 1580-1586. Ojala, M. (2012). Hope and climate change: The importance of hope for environmental engagement among young people.Environmental Education Research,18(5), 625-642.

Help Your Children Live Up to Their Full Potential Essay Example

Help Your Children Live Up to Their Full Potential Essay Several ways parents can help their children live up to their potential. One of the most important and effective relationships children have in their lives is with their parents. Parental involvement is essential to the early educational development of children. Creating effective learning habits will shape the childs attitude for many years to come. Despite some parents and families desire to provide the best for their children, some are unaware of how to become actively involved. Without consistency at home, children are not given the motivation needed to do well in school. Nevertheless there are several ways that parents can help their children live up to their full potential. The first way a parent can help their child succeed is through encouragement and positive reinforcement. Many children that have trouble succeeding in school just need a little encouragement and someone to believe in them. A good example of this would be, whenever a child says, â€Å"I cant do it. Re-assure them that they can do anything that they put their minds to. Doing this changes the child’s process of approaching the problem. Therefore, I cant do it, turns into, I can do anything. Positive re-enforcement lets the child know that if my parents believe that I can succeed than I must be doing something correctly. The next step in helping your child live up to their full potential is to create a routine and follow a strategic educational plan. Parents must take an active position in their child’s educational process. For instance, if your child is supposed begi ns there homework as soon as they return home from school, do not deviate from this routine. Routines provide children with a sense of responsibility, which makes the child accountable for his or her learning experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Help Your Children Live Up to Their Full Potential specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Help Your Children Live Up to Their Full Potential specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Help Your Children Live Up to Their Full Potential specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Next parents should develop a system with set goals and expectations, so that the child can feels as if they are working towards something important. When a goal is met, it should be acknowledge and rewarded. In addition to providing encouragement, structure, and setting goal parents need to guide their children in the right direction. Children should constantly be reminded about the importance of a good education. Inform your child that having good grades through school lead to attending the best collages, and attending the best college leads to having a better job and making more money. Children need to understand that learning is a process that over time can be mastered. In conclusion, parents need to comprehend that every child has different learning capabilities. Children absorb information differently, some more quickly than others. Parents should be patient and unwavering when it comes to their child’s education. By implementing the steps discussed in this essay parents will be able prepare their children with the tools necessary to reach their full potential.

Meet vs. See - Learn the difference [English Grammar Lesson]

Meet vs. See - Learn the difference [English Grammar Lesson] Quick answer: Use MEET for the first time you see someone or when you are seeing them because you have plans or an appointment. Use SEE for all other situations. Consider this scenario: Sandra and I grew up together, but I hadn’t seen her in years. So, when she moved back to Boston, I suggested we get coffee and catch up. We met at my favorite cafà ©, and it was so nice to see each other! After hours of talking, we decided to get together again for a barbecueat her new house so I could meet her kids. Meet and See are two words that are often swapped, though not always correctly. They both can be used for spending time together, so it’s tricky to use the correct one. Let’s break down the paragraph above to look at how these words should be used. MEET is used to talk about the first time you see someone. After hours of talking, we decided to get together again for a barbecueat her new house so I could meet her kids. In the sentence above, the speaker has never met Sandra’s kids before, so this will be the first time she lays eyes on them. But, and this is where it gets confusing, MEET can be used when you make an appointment, have plans, or schedule something. So, when she moved back to Boston, I suggested we get coffee and catch up. We met at my favorite cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Other examples are: Let’s meet at 3 p.m. on Friday to discuss the project. The managers will meet at noon on the first Tuesday of the month to review progress. *The word meeting, so often used in business, comes from this second of use of meet, because a meeting is essentially a scheduled plan or appointment. SEE is used for spending time with someone when it is not the first time. Sandra and I grew up together, but I hadn’t seen her in years. †¦and it was so nice to see each other!

Essentials of Negotiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Essentials of Negotiation - Essay Example   Describe your negotiation style. My negotiation style tends to be integrative and principled. My primary strength is that I have a good motive in seeking to obtain a win/win situation for all parties; I want to define the goals and maximize the objectives for everyone within a discussion framework that has fair standards and a high level of integrity. The weakness in my position is that a dishonest bargainer could possibly use my desire for consensus to manipulate me through deceit or hardball tactics. 3a.1 I had two friends who engaged in an integrative bargain resulting in a win/win situation. ... The first had a vehicle with relatively high monthly payments. His objective was to get out from under the financial strain and he wasn't concerned with making a profit on the deal. My other friend didn't really need another car but liked our friend's vehicle more than the one what she was driving. They both wanted to make sure the other achieved sensitive to the other's position their objective. She sold her vehicle, bought his for the payoff and, after refinancing with the down payment from the sale of her car, obtained lower monthly payments for herself. Everyone ended up happy. 3a.2 A family friend was the chief financial officer for his company. In analyzing the corporate debt, he determined that a refinance of the mortgage would save thousands of dollars. He called in his banker and asked for a reduced interest rate. At first, the banker was reluctant, but when the CFO mentioned that he could find a better deal at a competing bank if he moved all of the company's accounts (savings, checking, and investments), the banker quickly conceded. The company got a reduced payment and the banker kept the all of the accounts, the loss of which would have cost far more than lowering the interest rate. Even though a concession was made, both parties ultimately won. 3b. Win/Lose 3b.1 One of my relatives knew an individual that had come into some very difficult financial conditions. That person wanted to sell their car to pay off a hospital bill. My relative knew exactly what the other person owed on the car, and hard balled them into taking a price that yielded a $500 profit by pulling out the cash and putting it on the hood.  Ã‚  

The United States' use of atomic weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was Research Paper - 1

The United States' use of atomic weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was not justified - Research Paper Example On August 9, another bomb destroyed Nagasaki (Truman, 1945). For those that condone its use, the moral questions are satisfied because, though many thousands were killed or maimed, the bomb saved many more thousands of lives on both sides. If, in fact, the use of the atomic bomb averted an invasion of Japan thus saving more lives than were lost in the bombing of Hiroshima, the moral dilemma is indisputable. However, even for those of this opinion, the issue regarding the morality of the second bombing remains in dispute. This is not sufficient justification for others who believe the use of the bomb was wrong given any criteria of moral judgment. Deliberately attacking a civilian population is not considered morally acceptable regardless of any real or perceived outcomes. This view was and remains popularly held by both American civilians and the military; this reasoning was not employed in this case, but why? Was it the passions of wartime, a justifiable act in this one instance or was the bombing wrong under any circumstance? In 1945, the U.S. was a country weary of war and its citizens deeply prejudiced against both the Japanese and Germans believing that both types of peoples were inherently evil. Though a ridiculous notion today, it is a somewhat understandable sentiment given the nature of the circumstances at that time and overall acceptance of racism during this period in American history. Following the end of the war, a poll conducted by Fortune Magazine found that nearly a quarter of the American people thought that the U.S. should have used â€Å"many more† atomic bombs on the Japanese before that country had the opportunity to surrender (Dower, 1986: 54). These polling results accurately reflected the intense hatred that Americans directed towards the Japanese people during the conflict. President Truman himself, as well as many other American political leaders, was not immune to these

The Material And Process Requirements For Driving Shaft Engineering Essay

The Material And Process Requirements For Driving Shaft Engineering Essay Based on my research, a drive shaft, driving shaft or propeller shaft is a mechanical component for transmitting torque and rotation that usually used to connect other components of a drive train that cannot be connected directly because of distance or the need to allow for relative movement between them. Besides that, drive shafts carrying an important role as carrier of torque in driveline application. They are subject to torsion and shear stress, equivalent to the difference between the input torque and the load. Therefore, they must be strong enough to bear the stress, whilst avoiding too much additional weight as that would in turn increase their inertia. Drive shafts frequently incorporate one or more universal joints or jaw couplings, and sometimes a splinted join or prismatic join to allow for variations in the alignment and distance between the driving and driven components Based on the functions that has been discussed in previous, I know that the material of drive shaft must be strong enough to bear the stress, light weight which able to reduce the overall automobile weight and thus, increase their inertia at the same time. For the mechanical properties that required for drive shaft including the ability to minimize the losses in transmission, high tensile strength material, high torsional strength and light weight. Therefore, I would like to suggest that polymer matrix composite is more suitable as a chosen material that can be apply in driveline application. 1.1 Design Factors In the progress of my research in driveline application, I found out that marketing considerations are paramount in the motor car industry. There are two factors make this particular application attractive to the industry. On the one hand, vehicles are solid in the market place on claims of increased comfort, luxury and smoothness of operation. On the other hand, the manufacturer is also seeking to provide the maximum performance with the minimum fuel usage at the same time. Thus, usually these two requirements are conflicting. For example, a decrease in body panel thickness reduces mass and so increases performance and fuel efficiency, but this change also increases internal noise. Therefore, some automobile industry has spend much modal in doing research and recently, they have an idea which using carbon fiber (polymer matrix composite) in drive shafts which able to contributes to achieving both aims simultaneously. The factors to be optimized in a shaft after meeting the basic operating requirements just outlined is mass, smoothness of ride and cost. This is because reducing mass is important: To improve performance of vehicle and reduce fuel consumption. To reduce un-sprung mass and so improve vehicle handling and ride. To reduce the residual out of balance forces from rotating parts and so further improve smoothness in use. 2.0 Material Selection Based on the research of different type of material of drive shaft or propeller shaft in driveline application, I have chosen polymer matrix composite as the material selection in driveline application. 2.1 Introduction to Polymer Matrix Composite Polymer Matrix Composite is the material consisting of polymer matrix combined with a fibrous reinforcing dispersed phase. Polymer matrix composites are very popular due to their low cost and simple fabrication methods. Use of non-reinforced polymers as structure materials is limited by low level of their mechanical properties such as tensile strength of one of the strongest polymers (epoxy resin) is 20000 psi (140 Mpa). In addition to relatively low strength, polymer materials posses low impact resistance as well. Besides that, the reinforcement tends to be stiffer and stronger than the matrix providing stiffness and strength. Reinforcement is laid in a particular direction, within the matrix, so that the resulting material will have different properties in different directions. As example, composites have anisotropic properties. This characteristic is exploited to optimize the design and provide high mechanical performance where it is needed. 2.2 Design of a Composites Shaft According to A.W. Thompson from Bristol Composite Materials Engineering Ltd, He has mentioned the two typical shafts side by side, one made in steel and the other in composites as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Composite Drive Shaft (Upper) with Steel Shaft The illustration shows the simplicity of the design made possible by carbon fiber. The combination of high stiffness and low density in the composite enables a longer shaft to be made without reaching a critical whirling speed. The whirling speed of a rotating shaft is the speed at which it becomes unstable and defluxions occurs normal to the axis of rotation. The advantage in whirling speed is such as to enable most two piece steel shaft to be replaced with a single composite part. Besides that, weight and cost are reduced by dispensing with the central universal joint and the associated bearing. Moreover, N.V.H (Noise, Vibration and Harshness) factors are improved by the consequent isolation of the passenger compartment from drive line vibration following deletion of the centre bearing from underneath the drivers seat. Further reductions in N.V.H are possible by modification to the orientations of the fibres in the properller shaft tube, which effect longitudinal and radial stiffness. 2.3 Reason Selecting Polymer Matrix Composite as Material in Driveline Application The basic attraction of polymer matrix composite materials for driveshaft application is that they make it possible to increase the shaft length, which is otherwise constrained by bending resonance. For many vehicles, a one piece composite shaft may replace a two piece steel shaft which simplifies both the shaft and installation in the vehicle. Besides that, by using fibre reinforced composites, it is possible to arrange the fibre orientations in the tube so that the bending modulus has a high value (above 100Gpa) whilst the specific gravity is low (below 1.6). This leads to a favourable specific bending modulus and an enhanced critical speed as well. Figure 2 Critical Speeds for Automotive Propshaft According to A.W. Thompson from Bristol Composite Materials Engineering Ltd, the relationship between shaft length and critical speed for tubes suitable for automotive propshaft is illustrated in Figure 2. The graph shows that, for a particular application where a critical speed of 8000 rev/min is acceptable, the longest shaft possible out of steel is 1250 mm whereas a composite shaft of 1650 mm could be achieved. Thus, the maximum length for either shaft is reduced depending on the compliance of the end connections. For acceptable NVH (Noise, Vibration and Harshness), there must also be an adequate margin between vibration drivers and bending resonance of the shaft. Nevertheless, it is generally true that a composite shaft can be made longer than a steel shaft and that for automotive platforms where a two-piece steel shaft with centre support bearing is specified a one-piece composite shaft may be acceptable. This fundamental material property advantage is a powerful technical driver for composite shafts, and substantial weight savings can be achieved. One-piece shafts also simplify the design and engineering of the vehicle floor pan. Therefore, based on explanation above, it is obviously that I have chosen carbon fiber composite (one type of the polymer matrix composite) as the material for drive shaft and further material properties will be discuss in detail later as well. 2.3.1 Material Property of Carbon Fiber Composite (Polymer Matrix Composite) According to Core Composites, Division of ROM Development Corporations research, the material properties of Carbon Fiber Composite are as below: Features Benefits Extremely High Stiffness With a variety of modulus available from standard 33 msi to ultra high modulus pitch over 125 msi carbon fiber has the highest specific modulus of all the commercial reinforcing fibers. High Tensile Strength The strongest of all commercial reinforcing fibers in tension. Especially good for the tension skin on composite laminates. Excellent Corrosion Resistance Used in reinforcing concrete, carbon has good alkaline resistance as well as resistance to salt water and many other chemical environments. Excellent Fatigue Properties Used as a primary reinforcement for fatigue prone products such as helicopter and wind turbine blades as well as offshore power and driveline application. Excellent Compression Properties Proper fiber sizing for the resin matrix selected can yield impressive compressive properties but this quality can be quite difficult to measure with standard ASTM test methods and careful test specimen preparation is critical to achieve accurate result. Low Coefficient of Linear Expansion Carbon is a good tooling reinforcement for molds that will see temperature and where parts need tight dimensional stability. 2.3.2 Composite Shaft Performance According to the research that done by Tetsuyuki Kyono, Composites Development Center, Toray Composites (America), Inc. about the carbon fiber composites applications for auto industries, they have mentioned about carbon fiber composite drive shaft having crush worthiness. Crash load generated during head collision can be absorbed by newly developed joining technology with no adhesive between carbon fiber composite tube and steel adapter. This technology can add safety value to passenger cars in addition such as weight and noise reductions. Therefore, the performance data of the composite shaft should be take consideration as one of the main section in choosing the best material to apply in driveline application. Thus, they have evaluated torque carrying capability as index of shaft performance. One of typical data has been shown in Figure 3. It is noted composite drive shaft performed as expected up to 150à ¢- ¦C at static torsional test and showed much better fatigue resistance than steel system shown as target. Figure 3 Torsional Strength of Drive Shaft for 2000 Nm Class In Figure 4, residual torque carrying capabilities after exposure to various environments are shown in percentage compare with control data. As shown below has shown the reduction in performance of composite drive shaft is very minimal. Figure 4 Residual Torsional Strength (%) after Environmental Testing 2.3.3 Proving Test After the obvious laboratory tests above to show static strength and stiffness, fatigues tests are important as well. Carbon fibre has an excellent performance in fatigue and glass fibre is as good as most metals. A composite shaft has withstood 106 cycles of maximum torque as compared with the 104 cycles typically required of a steel shaft. Shafts were fitted to cars to gain road experience and demonstrate satisfactory operations. Such testing demonstrates that the component really works and meets all the criteria required. In this application, for instance, road use showed that: Temperature resistance to underbody environment was satisfactory Corrosion resistance (example: to salt spray was not a problem) Creep loading resistance was adequate Resistance to flying stone damage was not a problem End attachment strength was adequate Shock load capability was adequate Based on the proving test that has been done by A.W.Thompson, we knew that polymer matrix composites is suitable to be taken as material in driveline application such as making drive shaft or propeller shaft as well due to its attractive material properties and more affordable cost as well if compare with others material such as steel. 2.3.4 Crash Performance of Composite Propshafts According to Dr Andrew Pollard, GKN Technology, Wolverhampton, UK, he stat that increasing public interest in safe vehicles is encouraging car manufacturers and their suppliers to design components and systems that will perform well in a crash (2). The propeller shaft in rear- and fourwheel- drive cars is good example of this. Figure 5 Behaviour of Propeller Shafts in Frontal Crash In a frontal crash, the propeller shaft transmits forces from the engine/gearbox unit to the rear axle. Many vehicles today have a two-piece propeller shaft that can buckle at the centre bearing in any direction, depending on the joint position at impact. It is therefore virtually impossible to predict the axial force and the energy absorbed by the shaft in a crash. This is illustrated in Figure 5, contrasted with the behavior of a propeller shaft with a defined axial collapse mode. The target for crash-optimized propeller shafts is to achieve a defined behavior of axial force and displacement during an impact and consequently controlled energy absorption as shown in Figure 5. 3.0 Manufacturing Process of Carbon Fiber The process for making carbon fibers is part chemical and part mechanical. The precursor is drawn into long strands or fibers and then heated to a very high temperature with-out allowing it to come in contact with oxygen. Without oxygen, the fiber cannot burn. Instead, the high temperature causes the atoms in the fiber to vibrate violently until most of the non-carbon atoms are expelled. This process is called carbonization and leaves a fiber composed of long, and tightly. The fibers are coated to protect them from damage during winding or weaving. The coated fibers are wound onto cylinders called bobbins. The fibers are coated to protect them from damage during winding or weaving. The coated fibers are wound onto cylinders called bobbins. Moreover, the inter-locked chains of carbon atoms with only a few non-carbon atoms remaining. Here is a typical sequence of operations used to form carbon fibers from polyacrylonitrile. 3.1 Spinning First: Acrylonitrile plastic powder is mixed with another plastic, like methyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate, and is reacted with a catalyst in a conventional suspension or solution polymerization process to form a polyacrylonitrile plastic. Second: The plastic is then spun into fibers using one of several different methods. In some methods, the plastic is mixed with certain chemicals and pumped through tiny jets into a chemical bath or quench chamber where the plastic coagulates and solidifies into fibers. This is similar to the process used to form polyacrylic textile fibers. In other methods, the plastic mixture is heated and pumped through tiny jets into a chamber where the solvents evaporate, leaving a solid fiber. The spinning step is important because the internal atomic structure of the fiber is formed during this process. Third: The fibers are then washed and stretched to the desired fiber diameter. The stretching helps align the molecules within the fiber and provide the basis for the formation of the tightly bonded carbon crystals after carbonization. 3.2 Stabilizing Forth: Before the fibers are carbonized, they need to be chemically altered to convert their linear atomic bonding to a more thermally stable ladder bonding. This is accomplished by heating the fibers in air to about 390-590 ° F (200-300 ° C) for 30-120 minutes. This causes the fibers to pick up oxygen molecules from the air and rearrange their atomic bonding pattern. The stabilizing chemical reactions are complex and involve several steps, some of which occur simultaneously. They also generate their own heat, which must be controlled to avoid overheating the fibers. Commercially, the stabilization process uses a variety of equipment and techniques. In some processes, the fibers are drawn through a series of heated chambers. In others, the fibers pass over hot rollers and through beds of loose materials held in suspension by a flow of hot air. Some processes use heated air mixed with certain gases that chemically accelerate the stabilization. 3.3 Carbonizing Fifth: Once the fibers are stabilized, they are heated to a temperature of about 1,830-5,500 ° F (1,000-3,000 ° C) for several minutes in a furnace filled with a gas mixture that does not contain oxygen. The lack of oxygen prevents the fibers from burning in the very high temperatures. The gas pressure inside the furnace is kept higher than the outside air pressure and the points where the fibers enter and exit the furnace are sealed to keep oxygen from entering. As the fibers are heated, they begin to lose their non-carbon atoms, plus a few carbon atoms, in the form of various gases including water vapor, ammonia, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, and others. As the non-carbon atoms are expelled, the remaining carbon atoms form tightly bonded carbon crystals that are aligned more or less parallel to the long axis of the fiber. In some processes, two furnaces operating at two different temperatures are used to better control the rate de heating during carboniza tion. 3.4 Treating the Surface Sixth: After carbonizing, the fibers have a surface that does not bond well with the epoxies and other materials used in composite materials. To give the fibers better bonding properties, their surface is slightly oxidized. The addition of oxygen atoms to the surface provides better chemical bonding properties and also etches and roughens the surface for better mechanical bonding properties. Oxidation can be achieved by immersing the fibers in various gases such as air, carbon dioxide, or ozone; or in various liquids such as sodium hypochlorite or nitric acid. The fibers can also be coated electrolytically by making the fibers the positive terminal in a bath filled with various electrically conductive materials. The surface treatment process must be carefully controlled to avoid forming tiny surface defects, such as pits, which could cause fiber failure. 3.5 Sizing Seventh: After the surface treatment, the fibers are coated to protect them from damage during winding or weaving. This process is called sizing. Coating materials are chosen to be compatible with the adhesive used to form composite materials. Typical coating materials include epoxy, polyester, nylon, urethane, and others. Eight: The coated fibers are wound onto cylinders called bobbins. The bobbins are loaded into a spinning machine and the fibers are twisted into yarns of various sizes. 3.6 Quality Control The very small size of carbon fibers does not allow visual inspection as a quality control method. Instead, producing consistent precursor fibers and closely controlling the manufacturing process used to turn them into carbon fibers controls the quality. Process variables such as time, temperature, gas flow, and chemical composition are closely monitored during each stage of the production. The carbon fibers, as well as the finished composite materials, are also subject to rigorous testing. Common fiber tests include density, strength, amount of sizing, and others. In 1990, the Suppliers of Advanced Composite Materials Association established standards for carbon fiber testing methods, which are now used throughout the industry. 3.7 Health and Safety Concerns There are three areas of concern in the production and handling of carbon fibers: dust inhalation, skin irritation, and the effect of fibers on electrical equipment. During processing, pieces of carbon fibers can break off and circulate in the air in the form of a fine dust. Industrial health studies have shown that, unlike some asbestos fibers, carbon fibers are too large to be a health hazard when inhaled. They can be an irritant, however, and people working in the area should wear protective masks. The carbon fibers can also cause skin irritation, especially on the back of hands and wrists. Protective clothing or the use of barrier skin creams is recommended for people in an area where carbon fiber dust is present. The sizing materials used to coat the fibers often contain chemicals that can cause severe skin reactions, which also requires protection. In addition to being strong, carbon fibers are also good conductors of electricity. As a result, carbon fiber dust can cause arcing and shorts in electrical equipment. If electrical equipment cannot be relocated from the area where carbon dust is present, the equipment is sealed in a cabinet or other enclosure. 4.0 Fabrication Process of Driveshaft by using Polymer Matrix Composite According to the project research that done by Alex Santiago from Texas AM University Kingsville, he has discussed the fabrication process of drive shaft by using polymer matrix composite which is carbon fiber as main material. As reference, the fabrication process by Alex has been taken for me to understand the hand make drive shaft by using carbon fiber in real life. Thus, the following fabrication process is belonging to Alex from Texas University which is worth to be taken as references in this topic discussion. There are several things to consider when picking a fabrication method. Time is a major consideration. There is little time for fabrication, so the fabrication process has to be quick. The fiber has to be laid at specific angles to give the shaft certain characteristics. The weave patterns have to be tight and compact. Resin has to be applied evenly. The shaft has to be wound in a way such that the yokes can be easily attached. The easiest fabrication method for creating a hollow tube is filament winding. Filament winding is an automated process in which a filamentary yarn in the form of tow is wetted by resin and uniformly and regularly wound about a rotating mandrel. The filament winder can be programmed to create specific and tightly wound patterns. To create a composite part on the winder, a winding pattern is needed, along with a mandrel, mold release, fiber, resin and hardener, a way to apply even pressure to the part and a curing procedure. The wind patterns were determined by using Laminate Design software created by Dr. Larry Peel. After entering mechanical properties for the resin and tow, different wind angles and layers were tried in the Laminate Design software until the driveshaft had the desired characteristics. Table 1 gives the wind angle and its purpose. The tow, resin and hardener, and adhesive are the most critical elements of the shaft. Each structural component must be carefully selected so that the shaft has good mechanical properties. The tow which was used in the Laminate Design Software calculations was chosen because it is strong, light weight, and aerospace quality carbon fiber. Fiber used by the aerospace, although expensive, is rigorously quality controlled. It was decided that this fiber would be uniform, therefore giving the driveshaft uniform properties. The resin and hardener were chosen for several reasons. First, the resin is tough. The resin also has a high viscosity. High viscosity is desired because, with the wet winding process, is easier to control the amount of resin being applied to the tow. Wet winding will be discussed further in the process section. Another reason for choosing this resin is its elongation at break. At 6% elongation at break, it is known that the resin will not be too brittle and that the wound shaft will have some flex for absorbing the shock between shifting gears. Finally this resin was chosen because of its high pot life. After mixing the resin and hardener, there is a little over two hours before it begins to gel. This is enough time to wind the entire shaft before the resin sets up. The adhesive was chosen for a few reasons. Foremost, the adhesive also met the criteria for high tensile lap shear strength at room and elevated temperatures. At room temperature the adhesive has lap shear strength of 4,200 psi. At 250 F the lap shear strength is 2,300 psi. Also, the adhesive is aerospace grade, ensuring high quality. Table 1 Wind Angles 4.1 Mandrels In order to produce the mandrel of a driveshaft, several derivations should have gone through. Mandrels made of cardboard tubing and solid shafts were considered. These ideas were never fabricated because it would be hard to remove the mandrel from the wound tube. The resin would cause the cardboard mandrel to stick to the shaft making it impossible to remove. A solid shaft of steel or aluminum would be heavy, and expensive to create. 4.1.1 Mandrel 1 Firstly, it was decided to create a mandrel made of steel muffler tubing which was split with a plasma cutter into four parts along its length. The idea was to wind the shaft, let it cure, then dismantle the mandrel and remove the tube. Next, two pieces machined out of steel were created and attached to the muffler tubing which allows the mandrel to be spun in the filament winder. One end is chucked into the winder the other end has a live center which spins on a center point. This mandrel did not work because the mandrel pieces could not be bolted to the machined ends in a way that they were square. This was due to the fact that the muffler tubing is cold rolled which means it is pre-stressed. Once the tubing was split into four pieces, each piece bowed. 4.1.2 Mandrel 2 A second mandrel was created using muffler tubing which was split into two pieces. This mandrel was square when bolted into place. To keep the tension of the fiber from pulling the gap in the mandrel closed, three round, wooden pucks were evenly spaced through the center of the mandrel. The second mandrel was used to create a practice drive shaft. The pucks were evenly spaced through the center of the mandrel. Shrink wrap tape, which shrinks and applies pressure when heated, is wrapped around the mandrel over the areas where the pucks are. The tape applies pressure and keeps the pucks in an upright position as shown in Figure 6. Once the pucks were set in place, a few dry runs were made with no resin. One pass of each fiber angle was wound. Figure 6: Wooden Puck in Mandrel Once the winding began, it became obvious that there was not enough turn around room. When winding a composite part, there are four defined areas on the part. The entire part consists of the head, the turn around, the useable shaft, and the tail. The winding layout is shown in Figure 6. The wind angle is the angle the fiber makes with the center line of the mandrel. The 45 degree and 15 degree wind angles did not have enough friction to stick to the mandrel in the turnaround areas. The fiber began to slip and bunch up, causing misalignment in the pattern. Figure 6: Winding Layout This created a new problem. To keep the fiber from slipping, the turnaround area needed to be lengthened. The mandrel at its current length just fits in the curing oven, making it impossible to lengthen the mandrel. To alleviate this problem, two pieces of pipe, about one foot long each, were threaded into the ends of the machined pieces as shown in Figure 7. Adding the extensions made more turn around area. These threaded pieces can be removed once the shaft is wound and the resin sets up. When the extensions are removed the mandrel can easily be placed in the oven to finish curing. Figure 7 Mandrel Extensions The wind patterns were tested again with the extended turn around room. The extensions and the change in diameter kept the fiber from slipping, and allowed for full uniform coverage by the fiber. The test patterns were removed, and resin and hardener were mixed and poured into the resin bath to start a practice shaft. The resin bath applies resin to the fiber before it is wound about the mandrel. The resin bath can be seen in Figure 8. A practice shaft was wound using the setup shown in Table 2. A practice shaft was wound for a few reasons. The practice shaft allowed testing of the wind patterns with the resin and the fiber together. Curing temperature and time could be observed. Dismantling the shaft can be attempted, and the shaft can be inspected for proper resin wet out, roundness, and overall strength. Table 2 Practice Shaft Wind Pattern Setup Figure 8 Resin Bath This was a very difficult process. First, the material that wrapped over the end caps had to be cut back in order to expose the bolts holding it to the mandrel. Once this was accomplished we began removing the bolts. Resin had seeped into the threads of some of the bolts causing them to stick. The head of one bolt was twisted off trying to get it out. This bolt was machined out. Once the caps were removed the shaft did not collapse as expected. The gap were the mandrel had been split had filled in with resin. A tubing cutter was used to cut the shaft into sections and then it was split in half with a band saw. A 2 foot piece was spared and slid off the shaft. The ridge left inside the shaft was 0.125 inches deep. This created a stress riser that severely reduced the integrity of the shaft. It was obvious that this mandrel was not going to work. 4.1.3 Mandrels 3 Improving upon the mistakes on the previous mandrels, a new, one piece, mandrel was made from aluminum tubing. The tubing maintained a 2.75 inch OD and was readily available. A 16 gauge 2.75 OD tube was purchased. The tubing is normally made for turbo charger inlet ducting. A test piece was cut from the tube to be used for testing. The test piece was wet sanded with 2000 grit sandpaper. A silicone mold release compound was applied to the test shaft. 90 ° test patterns were wound onto the piece and cured at 250 °F for 15 hours. We used a higher curing temperature in order to expand the aluminum mandrel while compacting the fiber. After curing was complete, we then placed the test mandrel in the deep freeze that was Ãâ€" ¾20 °F in order to shrink the aluminum tube. The test mandrel was removed from the freezer. The tube was impacted onto a block of wood while holding the fiber. The mandrel came out with no difficulty. This test was successful. The third mandrel was fitted to the end caps. The end caps were then bolted to the mandrel. Figure 9 shows the final mandrel. Figure 9 Final Mandrel of Driveshaft 5.0 Conclusion As conclusion, the potential for carbon fibre composites (one type of polymer matrix composite) in automotive drive shafts as a means of achieving substantial weight reduction has long been recognized and has been demonstrated in small volume since 1988. Finally, I think that polymer matrix composites is the most suitable materials which can applied in driveline application and engineers should find cost effective applications on it to bring this applications to fruitful use in future.

Treatment Of Hyperslanting Trapezium Health And Social Care Essay

The stableness of the trapeziometacarpal joint depends chiefly on the ligamentous agreement around it, the muscular tenseness, every bit good as its constellation. Sixteen ligaments were identified stabilising the trapeziometacarpal joint.REF The dorso-radial and deep front tooth oblique ligaments play a significant function in stabilising the joint, with the deep front tooth oblique ligament operation as a pivot for the first metacarpal motion during volar abduction to let rotary motion ( pronation ) of the pollex. The hyperslanting trapezium ( which is a term given for the hypoplastic trapezium that shows an overdone angle in relation to the first metacarpal ) is an uncommon status that is associated with hurting at the base of the pollex. It is more common in the dominant manus of females in their mid-twentiess, but can impact both sexes and both custodies. It consequences in an unnatural burden distribution at the metacarpal aspect of the trapeziometacarpal articulation, with gradual fading of the back uping ligaments, ensuing in increasing dorso-radial subluxation of the first metacarpal over the trapezium. Kapandji and Heim ( 2002 ) reported that Robert ‘s position ( Robert P. Bulletins et memoires de la Societe de Radiologie medicale de France. 1936 ; 24:687. is used for appraisal of the incline angle of the trapeziometacarpal articulation. The incline angle was defined harmonizing to as the angle between the longitudinal axis of the 2nd metacarpal and the axis of the trapeziometacarpal articulation represented by the line fall ining the two distal poles of the trapezium ( Fig 1 ) . The same angle is expressed besides as trapezial joust which is the complement of the angle formed by the intersection of a line tangent to the in-between tierce of the trapezial articular surface analogue to the scaphotrapezial articulation and a line analogue to the proximal tierce of the 2nd metacarpal. For custodies without degenerative arthritis, the normal trapezial joust angle is 42 & A ; deg ; Â ± 4 & A ; deg ; .ref There has been a dearth of literature published as disciplinary osteotomy and/or trapezial abnormalcies. In this survey, we aimed at rectifying the trapezial joust in non-arthritic trapeziometacarpal articulations by a dorso-radial unfastened cuneus osteotomy and bone transplant, reconstructing the normal biomechanics around the joint and get rid ofing the unnatural tonss sustained by the ligaments, taking to forestall the development of creaky alterations.Patients and MethodsBetween 2001 and 2007, 135 immature grownup patients in their mid-twentiess and early mid-thirtiess who conequectively presented with radial side carpus jobs were studied sing the grade of the trapezial joust and trapezial incline. Eleven patients were operated upon depending on both clinical and radiological appraisal for the trapeziometacarpal articulation. The patients were followed up at an norm of 53 months with a scope of 37 to 93 months. They were 8 females and 3 males. Seven patients had bilateral processs ( 18 custodies in entire ) . The age at surgery ranged from 18 to 34 old ages ; the norm was 25 old ages. All patients who were operated upon presented with radical pollex hurting, diminishing their public presentation at work and impacting their day-to-day life activities. DASH and modified DASH tonss were used to asses our patients. The trapeziometacarpal stableness was assessed harmonizing to the Eaton method. In each instance the tester stressed the basal articulation radially and ulnarly and assessed the sum of interlingual rendition of the base of the first metacarpal relation to the trapezium at the CMC articulation in millimetres. Besides we applied the metacarpal base compaction trial by using palmar directed force per unit area on the pollex metacarpal base while the CMC articulation is extended utilizing the opposite manus, and the shear manoeuvre as a trial of sidelong stableness of the CMC articulation. A cuneus corticocancellous bone transplant is obtained from the iliac crest with the base 8 – 12 millimeter harmonizing to the preoperative computations to rectify the grade of the trapezial joust. A 14 millimeter broad osteotome is inserted in the gap cuneus osteotomy and used to pry the trapezium unfastened. The bone transplant is inserted in the unfastened cuneus and the transplant is impacted into the osteotomy site and checked with fluoroscopy. A individual K wire is used for arrested development and inserted through the base of the first metacarpal, the trapezial fragments with the bone transplant in between. A POP slab is applied and left on for five to seven yearss so replaced by a pollex Spica dramatis personae for six-to-eight hebdomads. A rehabilitation plan for the thumb scope of gesture. Treatment of the painful, unstable, prearthritic basal articulation of the pollex has received comparatively small attending in the literature. Patients with prearthritic diagnostic TMJ hurting and instability, are by and large underappreciated, and are ab initio misdiagnosed as status other than radical joint instability. Extension osteotomy of the pollex metacarpal has been proposed to counterbalance for the incompetency of the anterior oblique ligament and cut down laxness in the dorsal-palmar way. An extension osteotomy of 30 & A ; deg ; is reported to give more than 90 % good consequences in footings of hurting alleviation and improved clasp and pinch strength at two old ages follow-up ( Tomaino, 2000 ) . The extension osteotomy shifts mechanical burden at the TMC articulation more dorsally and redirects force vectors, therefore a fixed subluxation and/or multidirectional instability should be a contraindication to the process. Besides the metacarpal osteotomy does non take into history the grade of trapezial incline. A more planetary instability may reflect a greater grade of capsuloligamentous hurt and may ask ligament Reconstruction. Theoretically, moderate to severe hyperextension and accompaniment metacarpal adduction would be expected to increase the tonss in the palmar compartment of the TM C articulation and emphasize the POL. For most writers, ligamentoplasty has been the preferable line of intervention to forestall trapeziometacarpal subluxation and early arthritis of the TMC Joint ( Eaton phase 1 or 2 ) . With more than 90 % good consequences reported with 5-7 old ages of follow-up The Eaton process uses a strip of the flexor wrist radialis sinew passed through a tunnel at the first metacarpal base perpendicular to the nail axis. Brunelli et Al. ( 1991 ) use an kidnapper pollicis longus transplant passed through a similar tunnel with first-class consequences. A good consequence can non be obtained utilizing this technique entirely in instances of trapezial dysplasia, as this dysplasia is the primary pathology and the ligamentous fading is secondary, and ligamentoplasty entirely will non keep the place of the pollex metacarpal in relation to the dysplastic trapezium. Trapezial osteotomy has been proved through experimental survey done on cadaverous limbs ( Ropars et. Al. 2009 ) to reconstruct the normal incline angle of the TMC articulation. That survey has emphasized that trapezial osteotomy is technically demanding with several possible complications but most of them can be avoided by a meticuolous technique and careful pick of the patients.

Guidelines for a Reflective Paper

In reality, it Is a lifestyle of Its own – something some people view as Hellenizing and patriotic while some view as terrifying and unacceptable. Some people are incredibly proud of a family member having served or have given his/her life to service; while some feel remorseful for having lost a loved one in war. However you look at it, military service is like a pendulum. It goes back and forth; left and right; liked or disliked; loved and hated; patriotic or horrific.To get to the point, every member of a military family is affected by the demands of the military; husband, wife, children, and even extended families such as grandparents, uncles and aunts. Additionally, every aspect of life Is also affected by the military -? marriage, schooling, religious practices, cultural, moral, social, and economic. Perhaps, the children represent a great percentage of the affected population. They are the silent majority – since they can't protest and need to get along with the f low of the rigid military life.My Life Before Who really knows what life Is Like for the children In the military? How do they cope with the separations due to deployments, changes In schools, leaving their friends Enid, starting a new social circle someplace In the world, divorce, culture shocks, language barriers, and career choices? No one would know better but a child who grew up wrapped around the military tight grip. I was one of these children. We are referred to as military brats; a moniker I am not really crazy about. But the military was my life for _ years. I learned to love it and hate it.I learned to appreciate it and loathe It. Learned to live It. And I found out that kids on the other side of the world (non-military) have Just as much If not more reasons to love and hate their life. I am not going to draw comparisons and contrasts between the two sectors but I would like to focus on how the military life has affected me as a person that I am now. How did it influence my philosophy in life? What did I experience out there that helped me mold my character? How did the military drive my energy and resources (in spite of Its straining demands) so I could look at the positives and build on them?

Annotated Bibiliography on Eating Disorders Essay

Zabinski, F. M., Wilfley, E. D., Calfas, J. K., Winzelberg, A. J., Taylor, B. C. (2004). An interactive psychoeducational intervention for women at risk of developing an eating disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, (5), 914-919. Retrieved February 4, 2005, from PsycINFO database. The study explored the use of online involvement by using chat rooms, and message boards to deter eating disorders, and image dissatisfaction. Sixty women from a west cost university, who were all susceptible were chosen to participate in the study. They were randomly split into two groups, thirty in wait-list control, and thirty in intervention. The treatments occurred in three phases: improving eating behaviour, cognitive†¦show more content†¦The results of this study suggest that the girls hold more of a negative body evaluation when they thought of their body as a form compared to when they thought of their body as a function. They were also more positive about their bodies when they made the shift to the instrumental lens. However, this study was limited by the small sample size as well as the clinical population of girls. It needs to be broadened to include clinical and non-clinical populations of girls as well as boys. Safer, D. L., Agras, W. S., Lowe, M. R., Bryson, S. (2003). Comparing two measures of eating restraint in bulimic women treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 36, (1), 83. Retrieved February 4, 2005, from PhyscINFO database. The subject matter in this piece suggests that you need to have prior information about cognitive behaviour as well as bulimia nervosa. This makes the target audience for this study psychologists, and psychiatrists who specialize in the field of eating disorders as well as cognitive behavioural therapy. The study investigates the comparison of two different measures of dietary restraint and how they relate, and vary in many aspects. It also provides evidence that the Eating Disorders Examinations Restraint subscale (EDE-R) is more efficient in measuring changes inShow MoreRelated annotated bibiliography on eating disorders Essay992 Words   |  4 PagesWinzelberg, A. J., amp; Taylor, B. C. (2004). An interactive psychoeducational intervention for women at risk of developing an eating disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, (5), 914-919. Retrieved February 4, 2005, from PsycINFO database. The study explored the use of online involvement by using chat rooms, and message boards to deter eating disorders, and image dissatisfaction. Sixty women from a west cost university, who were all susceptible were chosen to participate in the